Independence of Odor Quality and Absolute Sensitivity in a Study of Aging

Young, middle-aged, and senior subjects performed tasks designed to examine whether odor quality discrimination varies independently of sensitivity. One task entailed detection of 2-heptanone and the others AB-X discrimination of quality for sets of 2-heptanone and homologues or 2-heptanone and non-ketones. Subjects sought to discriminate either at intensity-matched concentrations far above threshold, but fixed across subjects, or at levels adjusted to neutralize differences in sensitivity. The young and middle-aged groups manifested the same absolute sensitivity, but the senior group poorer sensitivity. Performance in quality discrimination, however, declined progressively. Performance lacked an association with absolute sensitivity, no matter how examined. These data, in conjunction with converging findings from patients with neurological damage, studies of brain imaging, and the relation between concentration and quality discrimination in younger persons, suggest largely independent processing of odor quality and intensity

The effect of time manipulation on immersion in digital games

Many empirical studies look into identifying factors that influence the quality of experience in video games. In this paper, we present research into the effect of playing time and players’ perception of the time on their immersion in the game. We invited 20 participants to play a puzzle game Bejeweled 2 for 7 min. They played the game in two conditions, namely, correct time (timer was programmed to be exactly 7 min) and wrong time (the countdown was set to be for 6 min, but was presented as a 7 min timer to the player). Players’ immersion scores were measured after the game using the IEQ. The results show no significant difference in immersion scores between the two conditions and participants’ comments also revealed that they perceived no difference in playing time between the conditions. This suggests that there is a dissociation between gaming time and subjective experience of gaming. Further research is required to investigate the relationship between playing time and positive gaming experiences

Effect of Piper betle and Brucea javanica on the Differential Expression of Hyphal Wall Protein (HWP1) in Non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) Species

The study aimed to identify the HWP1 gene in non-Candida albicans Candida species and the differential expression of HWP1 following treatment with Piper betle and Brucea javanica aqueous extracts. All candidal suspensions were standardized to 1 x 10(6) cells/mL. The suspension was incubated overnight at 37 degrees C (C. parapsilosis, 35 degrees C). Candidal cells were treated with each respective extract at 1, 3, and 6 mg/mL for 24 h. The total RNA was extracted and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was carried out with a specific primer of HWP1. HWP1 mRNAs were only detected in C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Exposing the cells to the aqueous extracts has affected the expression of HWP1 transcripts. C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis have demonstrated different intensity of mRNA. Compared to P. betle, B. javanica demonstrated a higher suppression on the transcript levels of HWP1 in all samples. HWP1 was not detected in C. albicans following the treatment of B. javanica at 1 mg/mL. In contrast, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were shown to have HWP1 regulation. However, the expression levels were reduced upon the addition of higher concentration of B. javanica extract. P. betle and B. javanica have potential to be developed as oral health product.Article Link : http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/397268

Client-Case Manager Relationship: The Effects and Impact of Rule 79 Case Managers Testimony in Commitment Court

Changes in the mental health laws in the United States over the last 50 years has altered the manner in which individuals with a serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) are involuntarily committed. The changes have increased the need for mental health professionals to be involved with the court system to aid in understanding the client\u27s mental disorder. The Minnesota Comprehensive Adult and Children\u27s Mental Health Act (MCACMHA) provides mental health case management for individuals with a SPMI. This exploratory study focuses on how the client-case manager relationship is impacted by the requirement that case managers be involved in all commitment procedures about clients. Previous research supports case management as an effective method of community treatment for the SPMI population, and that the client-case manager relationship was important for successful community integration and stabilization. Data for this study was attained through a self-administered survey to all Rule 79 case managers in an urban county (N:20). The study explored the effects on the client-case manager relationship when the case manager testifies about a client in commitment court- The findings indicated that there were consequential effects on the client-case manager relationship when a case manager testified in commitment court, such as a strained relationship or the client terminated the relationship. The findings suggested a gender difference in how male and female case managers, view the positive outcomes for the client-case manager relationship after testifying in court. Implications for social work practice and policy, along with recommendations for future research are discussed

Future Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) development

Ecotourism is an alternative form of tourism and is usually confused with natural and cultural tourism.CBET is fast becoming a popular biodiversity conservation tool that develops and benefits the local community. Based on the context of conservation theory and practice, Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) is a form of community-based natural resource management. However, a sustainable CBET development through Community Capacity Building (CCB)programs is not something that it easily achievable. Local community’s capacity varies from one culture to another. It takes a high level of community participation, in order for it to come to a level where the community members themselves are motivated to participate and contribute to the development of the program. This fully qualitative research involved 15 respondents from the community of Kg. Selai, Bekok in Johor, Malaysia. The result show there are five factors that sustained the ecotourism development based for Orang Asli Community in Kg. Selai, namely, existing CBET development, past CBET development, local community participation in planning stage of tourism, local participation in implementation stage of tourism and participation in nature conservation

Slope Mass Rating (SMR) Classification for Rock Slope Stability and Geohazard Vulnerability Assessment

Quantitative classification from the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) has introduced an empirical assessment for rock slope stability rating. This stability classification enables us to foresee the magnitude and susceptibility of rock mass failure towards adjacent infrastructure and human life. In this study, the stability of quarry rock slope was classified using SMR classification system and kinematic stability analysis before being correlated with geohazard vulnerability assessment. Geological formation study with site geographical survey from aerial photogrammetry technique provided comprehensive data for the study area. Fieldwork to evaluate the SMR assessment parameters was conducted by discontinuity mapping using scanline method. In-situ evaluation of rock mass such as rebound surface hardness and discontinuity characterization was carried out with rock material sampling for laboratory testing. Kinematic stability analysis presented an estimation for the direction and mode of rock slope failure. The SMR classification that constitutes geomechanics attributes had introduced the global stability rating of rock mass structure, thus facilitating the prediction of potential failure magnitude. Hence, the integration of these stability indications provides sufficient empirical estimation for geohazard vulnerability zoning for the studied area

Slope Mass Rating (SMR) Classification for Rock Slope Stability and Geohazard Vulnerability Assessment

Quantitative classification from the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) has introduced an empirical assessment for rock slope stability rating. This stability classification enables us to foresee the magnitude and susceptibility of rock mass failure towards adjacent infrastructure and human life. In this study, the stability of quarry rock slope was classified using SMR classification system and kinematic stability analysis before being correlated with geohazard vulnerability assessment. Geological formation study with site geographical survey from aerial photogrammetry technique provided comprehensive data for the study area. Fieldwork to evaluate the SMR assessment parameters was conducted by discontinuity mapping using scanline method. In-situ evaluation of rock mass such as rebound surface hardness and discontinuity characterization was carried out with rock material sampling for laboratory testing. Kinematic stability analysis presented an estimation for the direction and mode of rock slope failure. The SMR classification that constitutes geomechanics attributes had introduced the global stability rating of rock mass structure, thus facilitating the prediction of potential failure magnitude. Hence, the integration of these stability indications provides sufficient empirical estimation for geohazard vulnerability zoning for the studied area

EuroSpine Task Force on Research: support for spine researchers

In recognition of the value of research to the practice of spine care, Federico Balagué and Ferran Pellisé, at the time President and Secretary for EuroSpine, asked Margareta Nordin to set up a Task Force on Research (TFR) for EuroSpine during summer 2011. The concept was to stimulate and facilitate a research community within the society, through two main functions: (1) distribution of EuroSpine funds to researchers; (2) develop and deliver research training/education courses. What has the EuroSpine TFR accomplished since its inception

Normal soaking extraction (NSE) of rotenone from Derris elliptica

Derris elliptica or the tuba plant contains rotenone, bio-active compound known that has the potential to be used as bio-pesticide. Bio-pesticide is the best-known alternative bio-pesticide which has the potential to replace the use of conventional pesticides, as it is more environmentally friendly. The main objective of the paper is to obtain the best extraction solvent for optimizing the yield in rotenone extraction. Rotenone was extracted from Derris root using three different parts of roots and three types of solvent in Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE). The types of Derris roots are: (1) Fine root (2) Coarse root (3) Stem. The three types of solvent system are: (1) Acetone 95 % (v/v), (2) Chloroform 99.9 % (v/v) and (3) a mixture of ethanol: H2O (9:1) added with oxalic acid (1mg/ml). The liquid crude extracts were further cleaned up to remove the fine debris of roots. The presence of rotenone was confirmed using qualitative analysis Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and thereupon the determination of rotenone content was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the results obtained, it was found that the Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE) using acetone 95 % (v/v) was the best method to extract the highest yield of rotenone; 1.14 % (w/w)